PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN A PREGNANT WOMAN IN MAIDUGURI

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN A PREGNANT WOMAN IN MAIDUGURI

Background of the study

In the language used in the medical field, high blood pressure is referred to as hypertension. According to the American Heart Association, hypertension is diagnosed when a person's systolic blood pressure (SBP) is more than 140 millimeters mercury (mm Hg), and their diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is greater than 90 millimeters mercury (mm Hg) (Kofi, 2015). The knowledge and actions of individuals in relation to hypertension play an essential part in the management of hypertension and the prevention of the development of long-term effects. People who have hypertension need to be made aware of the information that will allow them to take care of themselves, such as how to detect their condition, how to conduct a risk factor assessment, and how to determine whether or not they need long-term prescription treatment (Malik, Yoshida, Erkin, Salim, & Hamajima, 2016).

It is advantageous to patients for their knowledge to be increased since the treatment of their diseases is affected by the patients' attitudes as well as their information. It has been shown to promote adherence to treatment in a variety of conditions, including hypertension and hyperlipidemia. A number of factors, including the patients' health, the management of their blood pressure, the morbidity rate, and the mortality rate, may be affected by the information that they have and the attitude that they have (Jimoh et al., 2017). Aside from that, one of the most essential factors of behavior modification and healthy lifestyle habits in the context of high blood pressure is one's level of knowledge. In order to successfully manage hypertension, one must take into account a wide range of social, economic, and environmental concerns. When it comes to hypertension, having a greater degree of knowledge, which can be obtained via health education and health promotion, has a big influence on the changes in one's lifestyle. As a consequence of this, people should pick habits or ways of living that will assist them in preserving the highest possible degree of health (Zungu & Djumbe, 2019). In addition, it is believed that many people are uninformed of the risks associated with high blood pressure as well as the steps that may be taken to avoid developing the condition. An insufficient knowledge may lead to a significant increase in patient anxiety as well as the inappropriate use of medical therapy. It is likely that an increase in the prevalence of disorders such as stroke, heart failure, glaucoma, and renal failure will occur if hypertension is allowed to become uncontrolled, especially in rural regions where the majority of the population is illiterate.

According to the definition published in 1986 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertensive disorder in pregnancy is a condition in which the pregnant woman presents with an elevated blood pressure during pregnancy or puerperium. This definition was adopted by the WHO (Malik, Yoshida, Erkin, Salim, & Hamajima, 2016). In previous studies, hypertension in pregnancy was defined as a condition that manifested itself with a diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mmHg or a systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg, or with a rise in diastolic blood pressure of at least 15 mmHg or a rise of 30 mmHg in systolic blood pressure. In addition, hypertension in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of maternal The Working Group recently defined hypertension in pregnancy as a condition in which the diastolic blood pressure is at 90 mmHg or above, or a systolic blood pressure is at 140 mmHg or above. This definition applies to the obstetric condition known as hypertension in pregnancy. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) uses a high value of the diastolic blood pressure as the sole criteria to define the disease. The condition causes complications in anywhere from 4% to 10% of pregnancies (Malik, Yoshida, Erkin, Salim, & Hamajima, 2016). The United Nations Organization and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists both acknowledge four different kinds of hypertension that may occur in pregnancy. Chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and super-imposed preeclampsia/eclampsia are some of the conditions that fall into this category. Super-imposed preeclampsia/eclampsia is a condition that is defined as chronic hypertension that is complicated by pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.

​​​​​​​STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

When a woman is pregnant, high blood pressure might have different effects on the body than it would have in other circumstances. Women who are pregnant and have high blood pressure throughout their pregnancy have an increased chance of experiencing difficulties before to, during, and after delivery. When a woman has high blood pressure while she is pregnant, not only does it put her own health at risk, but it also puts the health of the unborn child at risk (Dawson 2018).

Having high blood pressure during pregnancy may have an adverse effect on the growth of the placenta, which in turn can reduce the amount of oxygen and nutrients that reach the developing baby. This might result in the infant having difficulties such as an early delivery, low birth weight, placental separation (also known as abruption), and other issues.

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